品名

季戊四醇四硝酸酯; Pentaerythritol tetranitrate; Nitropentrythritol; 2,2-Bis[(nitroxy)methyl]-1,3-propanedioldinitrate; PETN; CAS：78-11-5

理化性质

晶体。分子式C5-H8-N4-O12。化学式C(CH2ONO2)4。分子量316.15。相对密度1.773(20/4℃)。熔点138～140℃。沸点205～215℃(爆炸)。几乎不溶于水; 微溶于乙醇、乙醚; 溶于丙酮。震动或热引起爆炸。它是最强烈性炸药之一。对震动比TNT更敏感。分解生成氮氧化物。能与氧化物发生剧烈反应。

接触机会

用作发爆剂。

国内主要生产厂商:北京益民制药厂、山东平原制药厂

侵入途径

可缓慢经消化道和肺吸收,不易经皮吸收。

毒理学简介

小鼠经口LDLo: 7 gm/kg。

作用与其他硝酸酯类相似,较硝化甘油的作用为弱。狗经口5mg/kg,可使血压下降。

人口服64mg,无作用。

临床表现

未见急性中毒报道。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Individuals taking the drug may experience headache and episodes of dizziness and weakness from postural hypotension ... . Rarely severe responses are encountered, consisting of nausea, vomiting, weakness, pallor, sweating and collapse, but no reports of death were found. [R3]

*A 63 year old man who had taken pentaerythritol tetranitrate and glyceryl trinitrate for 8 years developed extensive erythroderma due to the drugs. The condition regressed when the drugs were withdrawn but reappeared after separate challenge doses of each drug. [R7]

*Cutaneous sensitivity to PETN has been reported in humans and appears to be a common effect of exposure to all organic nitrates. [R17]

处理

停止接触，对症处理。

标准

危规：GB1.1类11049。原铁规:爆炸品,13002。UN NO.0150(含水≥25%或含钝感剂≥15%),0411(含蜡≥7%)。IMDG CODE 1107页,1.1D类。

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