品名

丙氟磷; 异丙氟; O,O-二异丙基氟磷酸酯; 双(1-甲基乙基)氟磷酸酯; 二异丙氧基磷酰氟;  DFP;  Isoflurophate; floropryl; O,O-Diisopropylfluorophosphate;  Bis(1-methylethyl)phosphorofluoridate; Diisopropoxyphosphorylfluoride; CAS：55-91-4

理化性质

无色液体,有芳香味。分子式C6-H14-F-O3-P。分子量184.17。相对密度1.055,熔点-82℃,沸点183℃(按外推法),蒸气压0.077kPa(0.579mmHg20℃)。水中溶解度1.54%(25℃); 溶于植物油。pH约为2.5时分解。遇硫酸生成硫酸盐。有湿气存在生成氟化氢。一旦燃烧,产物为氟化氢和一氧化碳。其无水合物和油溶液在室温下,可盛放于玻璃并内(稳定)。

接触机会

生产、运输与使用人员。

侵入途径

呼吸道、消化道、皮肤。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 8200 ug/m3/10M。大鼠经口LD50: 5 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 360 mg/m3/10M。小鼠LD50: 2 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 440 mg/m3/10M; 经皮LD50: 72 mg/kg。

丙氟磷吸收后,存在于血浆、红细胞、肝、肾等器官中,并迅速被代谢为二异丙基磷酸酯由尿中排出。10天排出量为进入量的60～70％。

毒作用是对胆碱酯酶的抑制,为不可逆的。也可抑制神经病靶酯酶（神经毒性酯酶）产生迟发性周围神经病。

临床表现

参见<敌敌畏>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... A 12-month-old boy, who had received one drop of 0.1% DFP in each eye daily for 2 months, experienced two brief apneic spells, with probable seizure activity for 1 or 2 minutes each time ... miotic, unreactive pupils, profuse nasal discharge & possible motor weakness /noted/. Eight hr after admin, he had a typical grand mal convulsion lasting 2 to 3 minutes. ... The cholinesterase activity of serum collected 60 hr after the last eye drop was below the range of normal & 44% of the average normal. [R3]

*... DFP ... has the property of inducing a ... delayed neurotoxicity. ... The clinical picture is that of a severe polyneuritis that begins several days after exposure to a sufficient single or cumulative amt of the toxic cmpd. It is manifested initially by mild sensory disturbances, ataxia, weakness, and ready weakness of the legs, accompanied by reduced tendon reflexes & ... muscle twitching, fasciculation, & tenderness to palpation. In severe cases, the weakness may progress eventually to complete flaccid paralysis that, over the course of weeks or months, is often succeeded by a spastic paralysis with a concomitant exaggeration of reflexes. During these phases, the muscles show marked wasting. Recovery may require 2 or more yr. [R5, 122]

*Do not inhale vapors. Avoid contact with skin. Even traces of the vapor cause myosis. Highly toxic;  cholinesterase inhibitor. [R1, 744]

*/Diisopropyl fluorophosphate/ can be absorbed in toxic amounts through the skin. [R9]

处理

参见<敌敌畏>。

标准

中国职业病诊断国家标准: 职业性急性有机磷农药中毒诊断标准及处理原则GB 7794-87

危规:GB6.1 类61125、61126、61874、61875。原铁规:有机有毒品,82014; 有机有毒品,84285、84286。UN NO.2783、2784、3017、3018。IMDG CODE 3097-1、6145、6146、6146-1页,6.1 类。

参考文献

北京市工业卫生职业病研究所职业病科.急性丙氟磷中毒的病例报告.工业卫生与职业病1975; 1:264 　　　　

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