标识

中文名: 二月桂酸二正丁基锡; 二丁基二月桂酸锡; 月桂酸二丁基锡

英文名: Dibutyltin dilaurate; Dibutyltin didodecylate; DBTL; DBDL

CAS: 77-58-7

分子式: C32-H64-O4-Sn

理化性质

淡黄色透明易燃液体。熔点22～24℃。沸点205℃。凝固点8℃。闪点226.7℃。蒸气压2.36×10^-5 mmHg。蒸气密度21.8。分子量631.55。溶于丙酮、乙醚、苯、石油醚、四氯化碳和有机酯类,不溶于水和甲醇。

接触机会

有机合成。用作聚氯乙烯树脂的稳定剂。聚氨酯泡沫塑料合成和固化某些硅酮的催化剂、硅橡胶的熟化剂等。

国内主要生产厂商: 北京化工三厂。

侵入途径

呼吸道、消化道、皮肤。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 175 mg/kg。小鼠经口LDLo: 710 mg/kg。兔经皮LD  :>2 gm/kg。

本品的毒作用常为迟发性的。

对兔的急性经口毒性为：本品<一氧化二丁基锡<溴化三丁基锡<一氧化三丁基锡。亚急性毒性为：本品<溴化三丁基锡<一氧化二丁基锡<一氧化三丁基锡。

小鼠经口及皮肤应用可引起死亡,而蒸气吸入引起肝和肾小管脂肪浸润。

大鼠经口给20mg/kg、40mg/kg或80mg/kg后出现软弱、嗜睡、运动减少等,神经毒性累及下丘脑和额叶皮质。

在牛食中混有本品,小牛死于中毒急性期,中毒表现有震颤、体重明显下降、食欲减退、多尿、抑制。

年龄为8周的大鼠一次经口给80mg/kg;或每天给40mg/kg或80mg/kg,历3天。三组动物的体重和大脑重量均无改变。反复染毒组的动物有嗜睡。一次染毒组在染毒后2h或24h,脑内二酰基甘油(diacylglycerol)或磷酸肌醇水平降低。在反复染毒后引起毒作用是由于改变了磷酸肌醇信号系统(phosphoinositide signalling system)之故。

大鼠每天经口给0mg/kg,20mg/kg或40mg/kg,历3天。本品引起动物的体重增长明显下降,进食减少,嗜睡,以40mg/kg组的作用较明显；并引起所有脑区内精胺（spermidine）和精脒(spermidine)浓度增加，且与染毒剂量明显相关,但各脑区内的增加程度不同。结果表明额叶、下丘脑、脑桥-脊髓(pons-medulla)受影响最大。精胺和精脒浓度改变可引起突触功能障碍,而增加本品的神经毒性。

给刚断奶的大鼠、幼鼠及成年大鼠每天灌胃20mg/kg或40mg/kg,历3天。所有动物有嗜睡和无力。40mg/kg组动物全部发生后肢无力。体重减轻和死亡率增高均与染毒剂量相关,死亡率随年龄而增加。死亡率和动物活动减少均雌鼠大于雄鼠。

大鼠2周经口实验发现本品可引起胸腺萎缩,并与剂量相关。

大鼠15天经口实验发现本品明显影响肝细胞和血红素代谢。

本品对皮肤和粘膜有刺激作用。

临床表现

对皮肤和粘膜有刺激作用。工人接触其蒸汽可引起喉痛和咳嗽。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Organic tin compounds are potent central nervous system toxins and skin irritants. ... /Organic tin compounds/ [R32]

*In workers handling dibutyl- & tributyltin, skin lesions or eye irritation were frequent. When contact with the skin lasted only a few minutes, acute burns developed with the first irritant effect being noticed 1 to 8 hr after contact. Prolonged contact with contaminated clothes resulted in more diffuse dermatosis. Recovery was rapid after removal from exposure. /Di- and tributyltin compounds/ [R33, 583]

*In subacute lesion /from dermal contact/, the skin of the lower abdomen, thighs, groin, & perineum is particularly affected, more or less symmetrically. The chief complaint ... /of the organotin worker was/ of pruritus ... which may be worse after a hot bath. No obvious exudation takes place, but the complaint is made that the affected skin is slightly sticky so that clothing, even when clean, tends to adhere to it. On examination, a faint erythematous eruption with well-marked demarcation from normal skin is seen. Hairy areas are most inflamed. The skin is abnormally friable & scratch marks are usually present. There is neither pustulation nor the characteristic folliculitis of the acute burn, the suffusion of the entire area being quite even. Removal of the patient from contact with organotins leads to rapid healing. /Organotin compounds/ [R17, 1965]

*The sequence of events in acute, local burns produced experimentally in volunteers is as follows: there is no visible reaction ... /until/ 2 to 3 hr later when some reddening & swelling of the mouths of the hair follicles can be seen, & the skin begins to itch. Over the next 8 hr the follicular inflammation becomes more intense, but the skin between the follicles is only very slightly affected, & there is only a minor degree of edema. The pruritis is confined to the tested area & persists for 2 to 3 days, but there is no pain. On the 2nd day, minute pustules form over some of the follicular openings, in the greatest numbers where the skin is most hirsute. The pustules remain very small & discrete until they dry up on the 3rd or 4th day. The surface of the burn remains dry throughout. On the 5th day, resolution is well advanced & after a wk faint punctate erythema, with a little perifollicular scaling, is all that remains. The hair in the affected area does not subsequently fall out; on the contrary, in subjects that had been repeatedly tested with a number of compounds at the same skin site, the hair growth was unmistakably more vigorous there than at the corresponding point of the opposite limb. /Organotin compounds/ [R17, 1965]

*Workers exposed to the vapor or fume of butyltin compounds developed sore throat and cough several hours after exposure. /Butyltin compounds/ [R16]

处理

立即脱离事故现场至空气新鲜处,皮肤或眼污染时立即用清水冲洗。

对症处理。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3;STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (skin)

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3

美国OSHA PEL (所有行业): 8H TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3

澳大利亚: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

比利时: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

丹麦: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

芬兰: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 0.3 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

法国: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 0.2 mg(Sn)/m3 JAN 1993;

德国: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

匈牙利: STEL 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

荷兰: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

菲律宾: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3 JAN 1993;

瑞典: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 0.2 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

瑞士: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 0.2 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

泰国: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3 JAN 1993;

英国: TWA 0.1 mg(Sn)/m3, STEL 0.2 mg(Sn)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

保加利亚,哥伦比亚,约旦,韩国 参照美国 ACGIH TLV;

新西兰,新加坡,越南 参照美国 ACGIH TLV

危规：GB6.1类61857。原铁规: 有机有毒品, 84254。

UN 3146; Organotin cmpd, solid, not otherwise specified；IMO 6.1; Organotin cmpd, solid, not otherwise specified；UN 2788; Organotin cmpd, liquid, not otherwise specified；IMO 6.1; Organotin cmpd, liquid, not otherwise specified

参考文献

[1]Subramonian A, Husain R, Seth PK. Reduction of phosphoinositides and diacylglycerol levels in repeatedly dibutyltin dilaurate treated rat brain. Toxicol Let  1991;57(3):245～250

[2]Khaliq MA, Husain R, Seth PK, Srivastava SP. Effect of dibutyltin dilaurate on regional brain in rats. Toxicol Let  1991;55(2):179～183

[3]Alam MS, Husain R, Seth PK, Srivastava SP. Age and sex related behavioral changes induced by dibutyltin dilaurate in rats. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1993;50(2):286～292

[4]Subramoniam A, Khandelwal S, Dwivedi PD, Khanna S, Shanker R. Dibutyltin dilaurate induced thymic atrophy and modulation of phosphoinositide pathway of cell signalling in thymocytes of rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1994;16(4):645-677

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