品名

亚硝酸乙酯; 亚硝酸乙醚; Ethyl nitrite; Nitrous acid ethyl ester; Nitrous ether; CAS：109-95-5

理化性质

无色或黄色液体。有芳香和醚样味。分子式C2-H5-N-O2。分子量75.07。相对密度0.900(15/15℃)。凝固点-50℃。沸点17℃。闪点-35℃(闭杯)。自燃点90℃(爆炸)。蒸气密度2.59。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限3.0～>50% 。微溶于水并分解; 与乙醇和乙醚混溶。持续保存,逐渐分解变成酸和氮氧化物。空气、光和湿气将使分解加速。一种强氧化剂。燃烧或接触酸和酸气分解,都产生氮氧化物。遇热、明火易燃烧、爆炸。

接触机会

可代替亚硝酸盐在有机溶剂内进行重氮化作用。

侵入途径

主要经呼吸道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠吸入LC50: 160 ppm/4H。小鼠吸入LC  :>200 mg/m3/15M。

狗一次吸入后血压降低8kPa(60mmHg),维持2min左右; 可形成高铁血红蛋白,但未见赫恩滋小体。小鼠和猫在46mg/kg下15min,无明显反应。

参见<亚硝酸酯类>。

临床表现

急性中毒表现为头痛、心动过速、高铁血红蛋白血症。

处理

参见<亚硝酸酯类>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*MAY CAUSE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA & HYPOTENSION, &, IN HIGH CONCN.../PRC: CNS DEPRESSION/. [R2]

+INDUSTRIAL INTOXICATIONS CHARACTERIZED BY HEADACHE, TACHYCARDIA, AND METHEMOGLOBINEMIA HAVE OCCURRED. A FATALITY HAS BEEN DESCRIBED FOLLOWING THE INHALATION OF ETHYL NITRITE AFTER ACCIDENTAL BREAKAGE OF A 4-L BOTTLE CONTAINING SPIRITS OF ETHYL NITRITE (24% ETHYL NITRITE IN ALCOHOL). [R12]

*THREE CASES OF ETHYL NITRITE INTOXICATION HAVE BEEN REPORTED...DURING SYNTHESIS OF HYDANTOIN (GLYCOLYLUREA). SYMPTOMS OF BOTH "NITRITE" EFFECT & METHEMOGLOBINEMIA WERE NOTED. IN ADDITION, THERE WAS A VASODILATOR EFFECT UPON BLOOD VESSELS OF THE SCLERAE, PRODUCING A PECULIAR REDNESS OF EYES... NO HEINZ BODIES WERE SEEN... [R12]

+ADMIN OF SWEET SPIRITS OF NITRE (4% ETHYL NITRITE IN 70% ETHANOL) WAS FOLLOWED BY ACUTE METHEMOGLOBINEMIA & SEVERE ANOXIC METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN INFANT TWINS, METHYLENE BLUE ADMIN REVERSED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA IN BOTH, BUT ONE TWIN DIED FROM THE CONSEQUENCES OF HYPOXEMIA. [R17]

*CONTACT WITH LIQUID IRRITATES EYES & SKIN. [R4]

标准

危规：亚硝酸乙酯醇溶液：GB3.1 类31039。UN NO.1194。IMDG CODE 3034、3079-3页,3.1 类。副危险6.1 类。

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